Can a landlord legally refuse to refund a caution deposit in Lagos?

Key Summary

Under the Lagos State Tenancy Law of 2011, a landlord can only withhold part or all of your caution deposit if there is documented damage to the premises or unpaid utility bills. They are legally mandated to provide an itemized repair bill and refund the remainder upon tenancy termination.

### Rights Concerning Caution Deposits in Lagos State Caution deposits (often ₦100,000 to ₦500,000 depending on rent) are held in escrow by the landlord or managing agent to remedy damages caused by tenant negligence. #### 1. When Can a Landlord Withhold the Deposit? * Physical structural damage beyond standard reasonable wear and tear (e.g., broken tiles, shattered sanitary fittings, damaged doors). * Outstanding prepaid or estimated electricity and water bills linked to the meter. * Repainting costs **only if** the tenancy agreement explicitly obliged the tenant to restore walls to original condition. #### 2. What Must the Landlord Provide? * The landlord **cannot** arbitrarily keep the caution money without providing verifiable invoices and receipts for repairs. * A joint move-out walkthrough inspection should be conducted before handing over keys. > **Pro-Tip for Tenants:** On move-in day, take photos and videos of existing cracks, damp patches, or plumbing leaks and email them to the managing agent as an agreed condition report. This guarantees your full refund at exit.